Judicial Review (JR) – UK

Judicial Review UK

⚖️ What Judicial Review Means

  • Definition: Judicial review is a type of court proceeding in which a judge reviews the legality of a decision or action taken by a public authority.

  • Focus: It challenges how a decision was made, not the merits of the decision itself.

  • Court Role: The court does not substitute its own decision but may quash (set aside) the unlawful decision, requiring the public body to reconsider lawfully

📋 Grounds for Judicial Review

Judicial review can be sought on several grounds:

  • Illegality: The public body acted outside its legal powers.

  • Irrationality: The decision was so unreasonable that no reasonable authority would have made it.

  • Procedural Impropriety: The body failed to follow fair procedures or natural justice.

  • Human Rights Violations: Decisions must comply with the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights.

🏛️ How Judicial Review Works

  • Court: Applications are made to the Administrative Court, part of the King’s Bench Division of the High Court.

  • Permission Stage: Claimants must first obtain permission to proceed, ensuring only arguable cases go forward.

  • Time Limits: Claims must usually be filed promptly and within three months of the decision.

  • Remedies: Courts may quash the decision, issue injunctions, or declare the action unlawful. Damages are rare.

🔎 Recent Examples

  • A judicial review was launched against the UK government’s approval of China’s planned “super embassy” in London, raising concerns about security and protests.

  • In Scotland, a judicial review was sought to challenge the UK Government’s decision to proscribe Palestine Action as a terrorist group, arguing the Home Secretary acted beyond legal authority.

⚠️ Key Considerations

  • Judicial review is not an appeal: It cannot overturn a decision simply because it is unpopular or disagreed with.

  • Costs: Proceedings can be expensive, and losing parties may be ordered to pay costs.

  • Impact: Even if a decision is quashed, the public body may remake the same decision, provided it follows lawful procedures.

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